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Middleham Castle: (North Yorkshire) ~ The childhood home of Richard III, Middleham Castle controls the upper reaches of Wensleydale and Coverdale. Built in the 12th century, its central keep, one of the largest in England, has magnificent views of the surrounding countryside from the battlements. Middleham, though was in its heyday three centuries later when the future Richard III lived there in the care of the Earl of Warwick. On Warwick's death in 1471 the castle was granted to Richard by his brother, Edward IV, in turn being siezed on Richard's death by Henry VII. It then remained in royal hands until it was sold by James I in 1604.

Middleham castle stands on the site of an 11th century motte and bailey castle probably established by Alan, Lord of Richmond. The stone keep, with its 12 foot thick outer walls, was built in the following century, with an outer stone curtain wall being added about 1300. By 1450, the castle had been transformed into a comfortable residence by Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. The Nevilles were a powerful family who first came into possession of Middleham in 1270. Over the next 200 years they grew into the most influential family in the northern counties. In 1410 Henry IV was entertained there and from 1460 - 71 it was the home of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who held Edward IV captive while trying to rule England in the Kings name.
It is thought to take its name from Roger Clifford, the Lancasterian leader defeated in 1322 at Boroughbridge, who was hung in chains from the keep. The tower survived intact until the civil war, and since has remained a shell of its former self.

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